Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kufunikira kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion padziko lonse lapansi kwafika 1.3 biliyoni, ndipo ndikukula kosalekeza kwa madera ogwiritsira ntchito, chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndi kuthamanga mofulumira ntchito mabatire lifiyamu-ion m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, chitetezo ntchito batire mochulukirachulukira, amafuna osati bwino kwambiri kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa ntchito ya mabatire lithiamu-ion, komanso amafuna mlingo wapamwamba. magwiridwe antchito achitetezo. Kuti mabatire a lithiamu pamapeto pake chifukwa chiyani moto komanso kuphulika, ndi njira ziti zomwe zingapewedwe ndikuchotsedwa?
Choyamba, tiyeni timvetsetse zomwe zikuchokera mabatire a lithiamu. Kuchita kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion makamaka kumadalira kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito amkati mwa mabatire omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zida za batri zamkati izi zimaphatikizapo zinthu zopanda ma elekitirodi, electrolyte, diaphragm ndi zinthu zabwino zama elekitirodi. Pakati pawo, kusankha ndi khalidwe la zinthu zabwino ndi zoipa mwachindunji zimatsimikizira ntchito ndi mtengo wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wazinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zapamwamba zogwira ntchito zabwino komanso zoyipa zama elekitirodi wakhala cholinga chakukula kwamakampani a batri a lithiamu-ion.
Zoyipa zama elekitirodi nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa ngati zinthu za kaboni, ndipo kukula kwake kumakhala kokhwima pakadali pano. Kupanga zida za cathode kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cholepheretsa kupititsa patsogolo kwa batire ya lithiamu-ion komanso kuchepetsa mtengo. Mu malonda amakono a mabatire a lithiamu-ion, mtengo wa zinthu za cathode umakhala pafupifupi 40% ya mtengo wonse wa batri, ndipo kuchepetsa mtengo wa zinthu za cathode kumatsimikizira mwachindunji kuchepetsa mtengo wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamabatire amphamvu a lithiamu-ion. Mwachitsanzo, batire yaing'ono ya lithiamu-ion ya foni yam'manja imafuna pafupifupi 5 magalamu a zinthu za cathode, pomwe batri yamphamvu ya lithiamu-ion yoyendetsa basi ingafunike mpaka 500 kg ya zinthu za cathode.
Ngakhale pali theoretically mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zimene angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga elekitirodi zabwino za mabatire Li-ion, chigawo chachikulu cha wamba zabwino elekitirodi zakuthupi ndi LiCoO2. Pakulipira, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imawonjezeredwa pamitengo iwiri ya batri imapangitsa kuti pawiri ya electrode yabwino itulutse ma ion a lithiamu, omwe amaikidwa mu carbon ya electrode negative ndi kapangidwe ka lamellar. Akatulutsidwa, ma ion a lithiamu amatulutsa mpweya wa lamellar wa carbon ndikuphatikizananso ndi pawiri pa electrode yabwino. Kuyenda kwa lithiamu ion kumapanga mphamvu yamagetsi. Iyi ndi mfundo ya momwe mabatire a lithiamu amagwirira ntchito.
Ngakhale mfundoyi ndi yophweka, pakupanga mafakitale enieni, pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa: zinthu za electrode zabwino zimafunikira zowonjezera kuti zisungidwe ndi kuyitanitsa kangapo ndi kutulutsa, ndi zinthu za electrode zoipa ziyenera kupangidwa. mlingo wa mamolekyu kuti ukhale ndi ma ion a lithiamu; ma electrolyte odzazidwa pakati pa ma electrode abwino ndi oipa, kuphatikizapo kusunga bata, amafunikanso kukhala ndi magetsi abwino komanso kuchepetsa kukana kwa mkati mwa batri.
Ngakhale batire ya lithiamu-ion ili ndi zabwino zonse zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, koma zofunikira zake pachitetezo chachitetezo ndizokwera kwambiri, pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi kuyenera kukhala mosamalitsa kupewa kuthamangitsa, kutulutsa kwambiri, kutulutsa kwaposachedwa kuyenera kutero. kukhala lalikulu kwambiri, kawirikawiri, mlingo wotuluka suyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 0.2 C. Njira yolipirira mabatire a lithiamu ikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzicho. Pakuthamangitsa, mabatire a lithiamu-ion amayenera kudziwa mphamvu ya batire ndi kutentha kwa batire asanayambe kuyitanitsa kuti adziwe ngati ingayimbidwe. Ngati mphamvu ya batire kapena kutentha kwa batire ili kunja kwa mulingo wololedwa ndi wopanga, kulipiritsa ndikoletsedwa. Mtundu wovomerezeka wamagetsi ovomerezeka ndi: 2.5V ~ 4.2V pa batri.
Ngati batire ikutuluka kwambiri, chojambuliracho chiyenera kufunidwa kuti chikhale ndi ndondomeko yoyendetseratu kuti batire igwirizane ndi zomwe zimafunika kuti ziwonongeke; ndiye, molingana ndi kuthamangitsa kwachangu komwe wopanga batire amalimbikitsa, nthawi zambiri 1C, chojambulira chimayimitsa batire nthawi zonse ndipo mphamvu ya batire imakwera pang'onopang'ono; mphamvu ya batri ikafika pa voltage yomaliza (nthawi zambiri 4.1V kapena 4.2V), kuyitanitsa komweko kumathetsedwa komanso kuyitanitsa magetsi a batri akafika pamagetsi omaliza (nthawi zambiri 4.1V kapena 4.2V), kulipiritsa komweko nthawi zonse. imatha, kuthamangitsa komweko kumawola mwachangu ndipo kulipiritsa kumalowa pakulipiritsa kwathunthu; panthawi yolipiritsa, kuthamangitsa komweko kumawola pang'onopang'ono mpaka mtengo wolipiritsa utsikira pansi pa C / 10 kapena nthawi yonse yolipiritsa yatha, ndiye imasandulika kuthamangitsa pamwamba; pomangirira patali, chojambulira chimadzazitsanso batire ndi mphamvu yaing'ono kwambiri. Pambuyo pa nthawi yolipiritsa pamwamba, mtengowo umazimitsidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-15-2022