Kuyerekeza momwe batire ilili (SOC) ya batri ya lithiamu ndikovuta mwaukadaulo, makamaka pamapulogalamu omwe batire silinaperekedwe kapena kutulutsidwa. Ntchito zotere ndi magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa (HEVs). Vutoli limachokera ku mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri amagetsi otulutsa ma batri a lithiamu. Magetsi sasintha kuchoka pa 70% SOC kupita ku 20% SOC. M'malo mwake, kusiyanasiyana kwamagetsi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha kumakhala kofanana ndi kusinthasintha kwamagetsi chifukwa cha kutulutsa, kotero ngati SOC iyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kumagetsi, kutentha kwa cell kuyenera kulipidwa.
Chovuta china ndi chakuti mphamvu ya batri imatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu ya selo yotsika kwambiri, kotero SOC siyenera kuweruzidwa kutengera mphamvu yamagetsi ya selo, koma pamagetsi otsiriza a selo lofooka kwambiri. Izi zonse zikumveka zovuta kwambiri. Ndiye bwanji osangosunga kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zonse zomwe zikuyenda muselo ndikuzilinganiza ndi zomwe zikutuluka? Izi zimatchedwa coulometric counting ndipo zimamveka zosavuta, koma pali zovuta zambiri ndi njirayi.
Mabatiresi mabatire angwiro. Sangabwezere chimene mwaikamo. Pali kutayikira komwe kumatuluka panthawi yolipiritsa, komwe kumasiyana ndi kutentha, kuchuluka kwa mtengo, momwe amalipira komanso kukalamba.
Kuchuluka kwa batire kumasiyananso mosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa. Kuthamanga kwambiri kumatulutsa, kumachepetsa mphamvu. Kuchokera pakutulutsa kwa 0.5C kupita ku 5C kutulutsa, kuchepetsa kumatha kukhala kokwera mpaka 15%.
Mabatire ali ndi kutayikira kwamphamvu kwambiri pakatentha kwambiri. Maselo amkati mu batri amatha kutentha kwambiri kuposa maselo akunja, kotero kuti kutuluka kwa selo kudzera mu batri kudzakhala kosiyana.
Mphamvu ndi ntchito ya kutentha. Mankhwala ena a lithiamu amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa ena.
Kubwezera kusalingana uku, kusanja kwa ma cell kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa batire. Kutuluka kowonjezeraku sikungayesedwe kunja kwa batire.
Kuchuluka kwa batri kumachepa pang'onopang'ono pa moyo wa cell komanso pakapita nthawi.
Chilichonse chaching'ono chomwe chili muyeso yamakono chidzaphatikizidwa ndipo pakapita nthawi chikhoza kukhala chiwerengero chachikulu, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kulondola kwa SOC.
Zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zipangitsa kuti pakhale kusuntha kolondola pakapita nthawi pokhapokha ngati kusanja kwanthawi zonse kukuchitika, koma izi ndizotheka pokhapokha batire latsala pang'ono kutulutsidwa kapena kudzaza. M'mapulogalamu a HEV ndi bwino kuti batire ikhale pacharge pafupifupi 50%, kotero njira imodzi yotheka yowongolera kulondola kwa mita ndikuliza batire nthawi ndi nthawi. Magalimoto amtundu wamagetsi amangolipitsidwa nthawi zonse kapena kudzaza, kotero kuti mita yotengera mawerengero a coulometric imatha kukhala yolondola kwambiri, makamaka ngati mavuto ena a batri alipidwa.
Chinsinsi cha kulondola kwabwino pakuwerengera kwa coulometric ndikuzindikirika bwino pakali pano pamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Njira yachikale yoyezera zamakono ndi ya ife shunt, koma njirazi zimagwera pansi pamene mafunde apamwamba (250A +) akukhudzidwa. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, shunt iyenera kukhala yotsika kwambiri. Ma shunts otsika otsika sizoyenera kuyeza mafunde otsika (50mA). Izi nthawi yomweyo zimadzutsa funso lofunika kwambiri: ndi mafunde ocheperako komanso ochulukirapo omwe angayesedwe? Izi zimatchedwa dynamic range.
Kungotengera mphamvu ya batri ya 100Ahr, kuyerekezera kolakwika kwa cholakwika chovomerezeka chophatikiza.
Cholakwika cha 4 Amp chidzatulutsa 100% ya zolakwika pa tsiku kapena cholakwika cha 0.4A chidzatulutsa 10% ya zolakwika pa tsiku.
Cholakwika cha 4/7A chidzatulutsa 100% ya zolakwika mkati mwa sabata kapena cholakwika cha 60mA chidzatulutsa 10% ya zolakwika mkati mwa sabata.
Cholakwika cha 4/28A chidzatulutsa cholakwika cha 100% m'mwezi umodzi kapena cholakwika cha 15mA chidzatulutsa cholakwika cha 10% pamwezi, womwe mwina ndiye muyeso wabwino kwambiri womwe ungayembekezere popanda kukonzanso chifukwa cha kulipiritsa kapena kutulutsa kwathunthu.
Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa shunt yomwe imayesa mphamvu yapano. Kwa 250A, 1m ohm shunt idzakhala pamtunda ndipo imatulutsa 62.5W. Komabe, pa 15mA idzangotulutsa ma microvolts 15, omwe adzatayika kumbuyo kwa phokoso. Mitundu yosinthika ndi 250A/15mA = 17,000:1. Ngati chosinthira cha 14-bit A/D chingathe "kuwona" chizindikirocho muphokoso, kuchotsa ndi kugwedezeka, ndiye kuti 14-bit A/D converter ikufunika. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chiwonjezeke ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi nthaka loop offset yopangidwa ndi thermocouple.
Kwenikweni, palibe sensor yomwe imatha kuyeza zomwe zikuchitika mumtundu wosinthikawu. Masensa apamwamba amakono amafunikira kuyeza mafunde okwera kuchokera ku zitsanzo zokoka ndi kuyitanitsa, pomwe masensa otsika amafunikira kuti ayeze mafunde kuchokera, mwachitsanzo, zowonjezera ndi ziro zomwe zilipo. Popeza sensa yamakono yotsika imakhalanso "imawona" mphamvu yapamwamba, sichikhoza kuonongeka kapena kuipitsidwa ndi izi, kupatula machulukitsidwe. Izi nthawi yomweyo zimawerengera mphamvu ya shunt.
Yankho
Banja loyenera kwambiri la masensa ndi lotseguka loop Hall effect masensa apano. Zipangizozi sizidzawonongeka ndi mafunde apamwamba ndipo Raztec yapanga mtundu wa sensa womwe ungathe kuyeza mafunde mumtundu wa milliamp kudzera pa conductor imodzi. ntchito yosinthira ya 100mV/AT ndiyothandiza, kotero kuti 15mA yapano idzatulutsa 1.5mV yogwiritsidwa ntchito. pogwiritsa ntchito zida zabwino kwambiri zopezeka pachimake, kukhazikika kochepa kwambiri mumtundu umodzi wa milliamp kungathenso kupezedwa. Pa 100mV/AT, machulukitsidwe adzachitika pamwamba pa 25 Amps. Kupindula kwapang'onopang'ono kwadongosolo kumapangitsa kuti mafunde apamwamba.
Mafunde apamwamba amayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito masensa odziwika bwino apano. Kusintha kuchokera ku sensa imodzi kupita ku ina kumafuna malingaliro osavuta.
Masensa atsopano a Raztec opanda coreless ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa masensa apamwamba apano. Zida izi zimapereka mzere wabwino kwambiri, kukhazikika komanso zero hysteresis. Amakhala osinthika mosavuta kumitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina ndi magawo apano. Zidazi zimapangidwa kuti zitheke pogwiritsa ntchito mbadwo watsopano wa masensa a maginito omwe ali ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri.
Mitundu yonse iwiri ya masensa imakhalabe yopindulitsa pakuwongolera ma signal-to-noise ratios ndi mafunde apamwamba kwambiri ofunikira.
Komabe, kulondola kopitilira muyeso kungakhale kofunikira chifukwa batire palokha simalo olondola a coulomb counter. Kulakwitsa kwa 5% pakati pa kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa kumakhala kofanana ndi mabatire pomwe pali kusagwirizana kwina. Poganizira izi, njira yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito batire yoyambira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mtunduwu ungaphatikizepo ma voliyumu osanyamula katundu motsutsana ndi mphamvu, ma voliyumu amagetsi motsutsana ndi mphamvu, kutulutsa ndi zokanira zomwe zitha kusinthidwa ndi kuchuluka komanso kuwongolera / kutulutsa. Ma voltage oyenerera oyezera nthawi amayenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti agwirizane ndi kutha ndi kuchira nthawi yamagetsi.
Ubwino wofunikira wamabatire a lithiamu wabwino ndikuti amataya mphamvu zochepa kwambiri pakutulutsa kwakukulu. Izi zimathandizira kuwerengera mosavuta. Amakhalanso ndi kutayikira kochepa kwambiri. Kutayikira kwadongosolo kungakhale kokulirapo.
Njirayi imathandizira kuyerekezera kwamitengo mkati mwa maperesenti ochepa a mphamvu yotsalayo mutakhazikitsa magawo oyenerera, popanda kufunika kowerengera coulomb. Battery imakhala yowerengera ya coulomb.
Zochokera zolakwika mkati mwa sensa yamakono
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, cholakwika chotsitsa ndichofunika kwambiri pakuwerengera kwa coulometric ndipo kuperekedwa kumayenera kupangidwa mkati mwa SOC monitor kuti iwonetsetse kuti sensor ifika zero pansi paziro zomwe zikuchitika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatheka panthawi yoyika fakitale. Komabe, machitidwe amatha kukhalapo omwe amatsimikizira zero pakali pano ndipo amalola kukonzanso kosinthika kosinthika. Uwu ndi mwayi wabwino chifukwa kutengeka kungathe kulandilidwa.
Tsoka ilo, matekinoloje onse a sensa amatulutsa kutsika kwamafuta, ndipo masensa apano nawonso. Tsopano tikuona kuti uwu ndi khalidwe lofunika kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba komanso kapangidwe kake mosamala ku Raztec, tapanga masensa angapo okhazikika apano omwe amakhala ndi ma drift osiyanasiyana <0.25mA/K. Pakusintha kwa kutentha kwa 20K, izi zitha kutulutsa cholakwika chachikulu cha 5mA.
Cholakwika china chodziwika bwino mu masensa apano omwe akuphatikiza maginito ozungulira ndi cholakwika cha hysteresis chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi maginito otsalira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala mpaka 400mA, zomwe zimapangitsa masensa otere kukhala osayenera kuyang'anira batire. Posankha zinthu zabwino kwambiri zamaginito, Raztec yachepetsa khalidweli kufika pa 20mA ndipo cholakwikacho chachepetsedwa pakapita nthawi. Ngati cholakwika chochepa chikufunika, demagnetization imatha, koma imawonjezera zovuta.
Cholakwika chaching'ono ndikusunthika kwa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kutentha, koma kwa masensa ambiri izi zimakhala zocheperako kuposa kusuntha kwa cell ndi kutentha.
Njira yabwino pakuyerekeza kwa SOC ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizira monga ma voltages okhazikika osanyamula katundu, ma voliyumu a cell omwe amalipidwa ndi IXR, mawerengero a coulometric ndi kubwezera kutentha kwa magawo. Mwachitsanzo, zolakwika zophatikizira zanthawi yayitali zitha kunyalanyazidwa poyerekeza ndi SOC yamagetsi osanyamula katundu kapena mabatire ochepa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-09-2022