Mawu Oyamba

Iyi ndi batri yowonjezereka yomwe lithiamu-ion imapanga mphamvu. Batire ya lithiamu-ion imakhala ndi ma electrode olakwika komanso abwino. Ili ndi batire yowonjezereka yomwe ma lithiamu ma ion amayenda kuchokera ku electrode yoyipa kupita ku ma elekitirodi abwino kudzera pa electrolyte. Kutulutsa kumapita kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo pamene mukulipira. Zipangizo zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma cell a lithiamu-ion (Li-ion), kuphatikiza zida zamagetsi, masewera, mahedifoni a Bluetooth, zida zamagetsi, zida zazing'ono ndi zazikulu, magalimoto amagetsi, ndi electrochemical.kusungirako mphamvuzipangizo. Akhoza kuwononga thanzi ndi chilengedwe ngati sakusamaliridwa moyenera kumapeto kwa moyo wawo.

Zochitika

Kukula kwa msika kwa mabatire a Li-ion kumatha kukhala chifukwa chachikulu cha "kuchulukira mphamvu" kwawo. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe dongosolo limagwira m'malo angapo limatchedwa "kuchuluka kwa mphamvu." Posunga magetsi ochulukirapo,mabatire a lithiamuimatha kukhala yocheperako komanso yopepuka kuposa mitundu ina ya batri. Kuchepetsa uku kwathandizira kuti ogula avomereze zida zazing'ono zonyamula komanso zopanda zingwe.

Mtengo Wa Battery Lithium-Ion Pa Kwh Trend

Kukwera kwamitengo ya batri kumatha kutulutsa ma benchmark monga $60 pa kWh yokhazikitsidwa ndi dipatimenti ya US Energy ngati njira yolumikizira ma EV motsutsana ndi ma injini akuyaka mkati. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wapachaka wa Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), mitengo ya batire padziko lonse idatsika ndi 6% pakati pa 2020 ndi 2021, komabe ikhoza kukwera mtsogolo.

Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, mtengo wa batire la lithiamu-ion unali $ 132 pa kWh mu 2021, kutsika kuchokera pa $ 140 pa kWh mu 2020, ndi $ 101 pa kWh pamlingo wa cell. Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, mitengo yowonjezereka ya zinthu ikubweza mitengo m'mbuyo, ndi $ 135 kWh mtengo wapakati wa paketi womwe ukuyembekezeka mu 2022. Malinga ndi BNEF, izi zitha kutanthauza kuti nthawi yomwe ndalama zimatsikira pansi pa $ 100 pa kWh - zomwe zimawonedwa ngati zofunika kwambiri. Chofunikira pakutha kwa EV - chidzayimitsidwa ndi zaka ziwiri.

Opanga magalimoto ali ndi zolinga zapamwamba zawozawo, monga cholinga cha Toyota chochepetsa mitengo ya EV pakati pazaka khumi. Momwemonso maiko onse ndi mayiko. Kodi idzalimbana ndi zolinga ngati ma cell akukhala okwera mtengo pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri? Izi zikuyenera kuwonedwa ngati gawo latsopano mumzere wovutawu wa EV-adoption.

Mtengo wa Battery Kuwonjezeka

Mitengo ya batri ya lithiamu-ion yakwera kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa mitengo ndi zipangizo.

Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake mitengo ya mabatire idakwera kwambiri:

Mitengo yazinthu za Lithium-ion Yakwera Kwambiri.

Ngakhale mtengo wa mabatire wakhala ukutsika kuyambira 2010, kukwera kwakukulu kwamitengo yazitsulo zazikulu zama cell monga lithiamu kwachititsa kukayikira za moyo wawo wautali. Kodi mitengo ya batri ya EV idzakula bwanji mtsogolomo? Mtengo wamabatire a lithiamu-ionikhoza kuwonjezeka kwambiri m'tsogolomu.

Kukwera kwa Mtengo Sichinthu Chatsopano.

Si kafukufuku woyamba kunena za kusowa kwa zinthu monga kalambulabwalo wowonjezera mitengo ya batri. Zolemba zina zazindikira kuti nickel ndi yoperewera, si maselo onse omwe amafunikira.

Komabe, malinga ndi BNEF, nkhawa zapaintaneti zapangitsa kuti mitengo yamafuta ikhale yotsika mtengo.lithiamu iron phosphate(LFP) mankhwala, omwe tsopano amakondedwa ndi opanga ambiri aku China komanso opanga mabatire ndipo akulandiridwa pang'onopang'ono ndi Tesla. Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, opanga ma cell aku China a LFP akweza mitengo yawo ndi 10% mpaka 20% kuyambira Seputembala.

Kodi Selo ya Batri ya Lithium-Ion Imawononga Ndalama Zingati?

Tiyeni tichepetse mtengo wa batire ya lithiamu-ion mtengo wa cell. Malingana ndi ziwerengero za BloombergNEF, mtengo wa cathode wa selo iliyonse umaposa theka la mtengo wa selo.

V Battery Cell Component	% ya Mtengo wa Maselo
Cathode	51%
Nyumba ndi zipangizo zina	3%
Electrolyte	4%
Wolekanitsa	7%
Kupanga ndi kutsika mtengo	24%
Anode	11%

Kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwapamwamba kwa mtengo wa batri ya lithiamu-ion, tapeza kuti cathode ndiye chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Imawerengera 51% ya mtengo wonse.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Ma Cathodes Ali ndi Mitengo Yokwera?

The cathode ali ndi electrode positive charge. Chipangizocho chikatulutsa batri, ma electron ndi ma lithiamu ion amayenda kuchokera ku anode kupita ku cathode. Amakhalabe pamenepo mpaka batire itakwananso. Ma cathodes ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la mabatire. Zimakhudza kwambiri mtundu, magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo chamafuta a mabatire. Chifukwa chake, iyinso ndi batri ya EV.

Selo imakhala ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, imakhala ndi nickel ndi lithiamu. Masiku ano, mitundu yodziwika bwino ya cathode ndi:

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP)

Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (NCA)

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC)

Zinthu za batri zomwe zimakhala ndi cathode zikufunika kwambiri, opanga monga Tesla akungoyang'ana kuti apeze zinthu monga EV malonda akukwera. Zoona zake, katundu wa cathode, pamodzi ndi ena m'magulu ena a ma cell, amapanga pafupifupi 40% ya mtengo wonse wa selo.

Mitengo ya Zigawo Zina za Lithium-Ion Battery

49 peresenti yotsala ya mtengo wa selo imakhala ndi zigawo zina osati cathode. Njira yopangira, yomwe imaphatikizapo kupanga ma electrode, kuphatikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana, ndikumaliza selo, imakhala ndi 24% ya mtengo wonse. Anode ndi gawo lina lofunikira la mabatire, omwe amawerengera 12% ya mtengo wonse - pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a gawo la cathode. Anode ya Li-ion cell imakhala ndi organic kapena inorganic graphite, yomwe imakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa zida zina za batri.

Mapeto

Komabe, mitengo yowonjezereka ya zinthu zopangira imasonyeza kuti mtengo wapakati pa paketi ukhoza kukula kufika pa 5/kWh mwadzina pofika chaka cha 2022. Popanda kupita patsogolo komwe kungachepetse izi, nthawi yomwe mtengo umatsikira pansi pa 0/kWh ikhoza kuchedwa ndi 2. zaka. Izi zitha kukhala ndi chikoka pa kugundika kwa EV ndi phindu la opanga, komanso chuma chosungirako magetsi.

Kupitilizidwa kwa ndalama za R&D, komanso kukula kwa mphamvu pagulu lonse logawa, zithandizira kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wa batri ndikutsitsa mitengo m'badwo wotsatira. BloombergNEF ikuyembekeza kuti zatsopano za m'badwo wotsatira monga silicon ndi ma lithiamu-based anodes, solid-state chemistries, ndi novel cathode substance ndi njira zopangira ma cell zithandizira kwambiri kuti mitengoyi ithe.

Nthawi yotumiza: May-09-2022