Mabatire a lithiamu ndi njira yomwe ikukula mwachangu kwambiri m'zaka 20 zapitazi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamagetsi. Kuphulika kwaposachedwa kwa mafoni am'manja ndi ma laputopu ndiye kuphulika kwa batri. Momwe mabatire a foni ndi laputopu amawonekera, momwe amagwirira ntchito, chifukwa chake amaphulika, komanso momwe angapewere.
Zotsatira zake zimayamba kuchitika pamene selo la lithiamu likuchulukirachulukira kumagetsi apamwamba kuposa 4.2V. Kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo chochulukirachulukira, chiwopsezo chimakwera. Pamagetsi apamwamba kuposa 4.2V, pamene osachepera theka la maatomu a lithiamu amasiyidwa muzinthu za cathode, selo yosungiramo zinthu nthawi zambiri imagwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire iwonongeke. Ngati mtengowo upitilira, zitsulo za lithiamu zotsatizana zidzawunjikana pamwamba pa zinthu za cathode, popeza cell yosungirako cathode ili kale ndi maatomu a lithiamu. Ma atomu a lithiamuwa amakula makristasi a dendritic kuchokera ku cathode pamwamba polowera ku lithiamu ion. Makristasi a lithiamu adzadutsa papepala la diaphragm, kufupikitsa anode ndi cathode. Nthawi zina batire imaphulika kusanachitike kuzungulira kwakanthawi. Ndi chifukwa chakuti panthawi yowonjezereka, zinthu monga electrolytes zimasweka kuti zitulutse mpweya umene umapangitsa kuti batire la batire kapena valavu yothamanga ifufuze ndikuphulika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhalepo ndi maatomu a lithiamu omwe amasonkhana pamwamba pa electrode yolakwika ndikuphulika.
Choncho, pamene lithiamu batire nawuza, m`pofunika kukhazikitsa voteji chapamwamba malire, kuganizira moyo batire, mphamvu, ndi chitetezo. Njira yabwino yoperekera voteji kumtunda ndi 4.2V. Payeneranso kukhala malire amagetsi otsika pamene maselo a lithiamu atuluka. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikagwa pansi pa 2.4V, zinthu zina zimayamba kuwonongeka. Ndipo chifukwa batire idzadziyimitsa yokha, ikani nthawi yayitali kuti voteji ikhale yochepa, choncho, ndibwino kuti musatulutse 2.4V kuti muyime. Kuchokera pa 3.0V mpaka 2.4V, mabatire a lithiamu amangotulutsa pafupifupi 3% ya mphamvu zawo. Chifukwa chake, 3.0V ndiye voteji yoyenera kutulutsa. Mukamalipira ndi kutulutsa, kuwonjezera pa malire amagetsi, malire apano ndi ofunikiranso. Pamene panopa ndi okwera kwambiri, ma lithiamu ions alibe nthawi yolowa mu selo yosungirako, adzaunjikana pamwamba pa zinthu.
Ma ion awa akamapeza ma elekitironi, amawalitsa maatomu a lithiamu pamwamba pa zinthuzo, zomwe zingakhale zowopsa ngati kuchulukirachulukira. Ngati batire yathyoka, imaphulika. Chifukwa chake, kutetezedwa kwa batri ya lithiamu-ion kuyenera kuphatikizira malire apamwamba a voteji yolipiritsa, malire otsitsa otulutsa ndi malire apamwamba apano. Kawirikawiri, kuwonjezera pa phata la batri la lithiamu, padzakhala mbale yotetezera, yomwe makamaka ipereke chitetezo cha zitatuzi. Komabe, mbale yodzitchinjiriza ya chitetezo zitatuzi mwachiwonekere sikokwanira, zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi za kuphulika kwa batri ya lithiamu kapena pafupipafupi. Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha machitidwe a batri, kufufuza mosamala chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa batri kumafunika.
Chifukwa cha kuphulika:
1. Large mkati polarization;
2.Chidutswa cha mzati chimatenga madzi ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi ng'oma ya mpweya wa electrolyte;
3.Ubwino ndi ntchito ya electrolyte yokha;
4.Kuchuluka kwa jekeseni wamadzimadzi sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira;
5. Laser kuwotcherera chisindikizo ntchito ndi osauka ndondomeko kukonzekera, ndi kutayikira mpweya wapezeka.
6. Fumbi ndi fumbi lachidutswa ndizosavuta kuyambitsa gawo la microshort poyamba;
7.Positive ndi zoipa mbale thicker kuposa ndondomeko osiyanasiyana, zovuta chipolopolo;
8. Vuto losindikiza la jekeseni wamadzimadzi, kusasindikiza kosakwanira kwa mpira wachitsulo kumabweretsa ng'oma ya gasi;
9.Shell ukubwera zinthu chipolopolo khoma ndi wandiweyani, chipolopolo mapindikidwe amakhudza makulidwe;
10. Kutentha kwakukulu kozungulira kunja ndikonso chifukwa chachikulu cha kuphulika.
Mtundu wa kuphulika
Kusanthula kwamtundu wa kuphulika Mitundu ya kuphulika kwapakati pa batri imatha kugawidwa ngati dera lalifupi lakunja, dera lalifupi lamkati, komanso kuchulukira. Kunja apa kumatanthawuza zakunja kwa selo, kuphatikizapo kufupikitsa kwafupipafupi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusamalidwa bwino kwa paketi ya batri yamkati. Pamene dera lalifupi limachitika kunja kwa selo, ndipo zida zamagetsi zimalephera kudula chipikacho, selo limapanga kutentha kwakukulu mkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawo la electrolyte liwonongeke, chipolopolo cha batri. Pamene kutentha kwa mkati mwa batire kuli kokwera kufika madigiri 135 Celsius, pepala la diaphragm la khalidwe labwino lidzatseka dzenje labwino, electrochemical reaction imathetsedwa kapena pafupifupi kuthetsedwa, kutsika kwamakono, ndi kutentha kumatsikanso pang'onopang'ono, motero kupewa kuphulika. . Koma pepala la diaphragm lomwe silikutseka bwino, kapena lomwe silitseka konse, limapangitsa batire kukhala lofunda, kutenthetsa ma electrolyte, ndipo pamapeto pake kuphulika batire, kapena kukweza kutentha kwa batire mpaka pomwe zinthu zimayaka. ndi kuphulika. Dongosolo lalifupi lamkati limayamba makamaka chifukwa cha zojambulazo zamkuwa ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu zomwe zimaboola pa diaphragm, kapena makristasi a dendritic a maatomu a lithiamu omwe amaboola diaphragm.
Zitsulo zazing'onozi, zonga singano zimatha kuyambitsa mabwalo a microshort. Chifukwa singanoyo ndi yopyapyala kwambiri ndipo ili ndi phindu linalake lokana, yapanoyo sikhala yayikulu kwambiri. Ma burrs a copper aluminium zojambulazo amayamba pakupanga. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti batire imatuluka mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo ambiri aiwo amatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi mafakitale am'maselo kapena zomangira. Ndipo chifukwa ma burrs ndi ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zina amayaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batri libwerere mwakale. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kwa kuphulika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha burr yaying'ono yaying'ono sikwambiri. Kaonedwe kameneka, nthawi zambiri amatha kulipira kuchokera mkati mwa selo iliyonse fakitale, voteji pa otsika zoipa batire, koma kawirikawiri kuphulika, kupeza thandizo ziwerengero. Chifukwa chake, kuphulika komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakufupika kwamkati kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka. Chifukwa pali singano ngati singano makhiristo a zitsulo za lithiamu paliponse pa pepala lakumbuyo la electrode, malo okhomerera ali paliponse, ndipo dera lalifupi lalifupi limapezeka paliponse. Choncho, kutentha kwa selo kumakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo potsiriza kutentha kwakukulu kudzakhala mpweya wa electrolyte. Izi, kaya kutentha ndi okwera kwambiri kuti zinthu kuyaka kuphulika, kapena chipolopolo poyamba anasweka, kuti mpweya ndi lithiamu zitsulo oxidation oopsa, ndi mapeto a kuphulika.
Koma kuphulika kotereku, komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka mkati kamene kamayambitsa kuchulukitsitsa, sikuyenera kuchitika panthawi yolipira. Ndizotheka kuti ogula asiya kuyitanitsa ndikutulutsa mafoni awo batire lisanatenthe kwambiri kuti liwotche zida ndikupanga mpweya wokwanira kuphulitsa batire. Kutentha kopangidwa ndi mafupipafupi ambiri kumatenthetsa batire pang'onopang'ono ndipo, pakapita nthawi, kumaphulika. Kafotokozedwe ka anthu ogula ndikuti adatenga foniyo ndikupeza kuti ikutentha kwambiri, kenako adayitaya ndikuphulika. Kutengera ndi mitundu yomwe ili pamwambayi ya kuphulika, titha kuyang'ana pa kupewa kuchulukirachulukira, kupewa kuzungulira kwakunja kwafupi, ndikuwongolera chitetezo cha cell. Pakati pawo, kupewa kuchulukirachulukira komanso dera lalifupi lakunja ndi chitetezo chamagetsi, chomwe chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka batire ndi paketi ya batri. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera chitetezo cha ma cell ndi chitetezo chamankhwala ndi makina, chomwe chimakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi opanga ma cell.
Otetezeka zovuta zobisika
Kutetezedwa kwa batri ya lithiamu ion sikungokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha selo lokha, komanso kumagwirizana ndi teknoloji yokonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito batri. Mabatire a foni yam'manja nthawi zambiri amaphulika, mbali imodzi, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa dera lachitetezo, koma koposa zonse, mbali yakuthupi sinathetse vutoli.
Cobalt asidi lifiyamu cathode yogwira zakuthupi ndi dongosolo okhwima kwambiri mu mabatire ang'onoang'ono, koma pambuyo mlandu zonse, pali zambiri lifiyamu ayoni pa anode, pamene overcharge, otsala mu anode wa lithiamu ion akuyembekezeka kukhamukira kwa anode. , amapangidwa pa cathode dendrite ntchito cobalt asidi lifiyamu batire overcharge corollary, ngakhale yachibadwa mlandu ndi kumaliseche ndondomeko, Pangakhalenso owonjezera lifiyamu ayoni ufulu kwa elekitirodi zoipa kupanga dendrites. The theoretical mphamvu yeniyeni ya zinthu za lithiamu cobalate ndi zoposa 270 mah / g, koma mphamvu yeniyeni ndi theka la mphamvu zongopeka kuti zitsimikizire kuyendetsa kwake. Mukugwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa choganiza bwino mawonekedwe a zitsulo za lithiamu kupanga ma dendrites. Dendrites Pierce the diaphragm, kupanga mawonekedwe achidule amkati.
Chigawo chachikulu cha electrolyte ndi carbonate, yomwe imakhala ndi malo otsika komanso otsika otentha. Idzayaka kapena kuphulika pansi pazifukwa zina. Ngati batire ikuwotcha, imayambitsa kutsekemera ndi kuchepetsa carbonate mu electrolyte, zomwe zimapangitsa mpweya wambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ngati palibe valavu yotetezera kapena mpweya sumasulidwa kudzera mu valve yotetezera, kupanikizika kwa mkati mwa batri kudzakwera kwambiri ndikuyambitsa kuphulika.
Polima electrolyte lifiyamu ion batire si kwenikweni kuthetsa vuto la chitetezo, lifiyamu cobalt asidi ndi organic electrolyte amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndi electrolyte ndi colloidal, si zosavuta kutayikira, zidzachitika kwambiri kuyaka zachiwawa, kuyaka ndi vuto lalikulu la chitetezo polima batire.
Palinso mavuto ena ogwiritsira ntchito batri. Dongosolo lalifupi lakunja kapena lamkati limatha kupanga ma amperes mazana angapo apano ochulukirapo. Kuzungulira kwakunja kwakunja kumachitika, batire nthawi yomweyo imatulutsa mphamvu yayikulu, kuwononga mphamvu zambiri ndikupanga kutentha kwakukulu pakukana kwamkati. Dongosolo lalifupi lamkati limapanga mphamvu yayikulu, ndipo kutentha kumakwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti diaphragm isungunuke komanso kuti dera laling'ono liwonjezeke, motero kupanga kuzungulira koyipa.
Lifiyamu ion batire kuti tikwaniritse selo limodzi 3 ~ 4.2V mkulu ntchito voteji, ayenera kutenga kuwonongeka kwa voteji ndi wamkulu kuposa 2V organic electrolyte, ndi ntchito organic electrolyte mu mkulu panopa, zinthu mkulu kutentha adzakhala electrolyzed, electrolytic. mpweya, chifukwa cha kuchuluka mkati kuthamanga, kwambiri adzaswa chipolopolo.
Kuchulukirachulukira kumatha kuyambitsa chitsulo cha lithiamu, ngati chipolopolo chikuphulika, kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyaka, nthawi yomweyo kuyatsa kwa electrolyte, lawi lamphamvu, kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa gasi, kuphulika.
Komanso, foni lifiyamu ion batire, chifukwa ntchito molakwika, monga extrusion, zotsatira ndi kudya madzi kumabweretsa kukula batire, mapindikidwe ndi akulimbana, etc., amene adzatsogolera batire yochepa dera, mu kumaliseche kapena nawuza ndondomeko chifukwa. ndi kuphulika kwa kutentha.
Chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu:
Pofuna kupewa kuchulukirachulukira kapena kuchulukira chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika, njira yotetezera katatu imayikidwa mu batri imodzi ya lithiamu ion. Chimodzi ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosinthira, pamene kutentha kwa batri kukwera, kukana kwake kudzakwera, pamene kutentha kuli kwakukulu, kumangoyimitsa magetsi; Chachiwiri ndi kusankha zinthu zoyenera kugawa, pamene kutentha kumakwera kufika pamtengo wina, ma micron pores pa gawolo adzasungunuka, kotero kuti ma ion a lithiamu sangathe kudutsa, batire ya mkati imasiya; Chachitatu ndikukhazikitsa valavu yotetezera (ndiko kuti, dzenje lolowera pamwamba pa batri). Pamene mphamvu ya mkati ya batri ikukwera ku mtengo wina, valavu yotetezera idzatsegula yokha kuti iwonetsetse chitetezo cha batri.
Nthawi zina, ngakhale batri palokha ili ndi njira zoyendetsera chitetezo, koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kulephera kulamulira, kusowa kwa valve ya chitetezo kapena gasi kulibe nthawi yotuluka kudzera mu valve yotetezera, kuthamanga kwa mkati mwa batire kudzakwera kwambiri ndikuyambitsa. kuphulika. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu zonse zosungidwa m'mabatire a lithiamu-ion zimayenderana ndi chitetezo chawo. Pamene mphamvu ya batri ikuwonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa batri kumawonjezekanso, ndipo ntchito yake yowononga kutentha imawonongeka, ndipo mwayi wa ngozi udzawonjezeka kwambiri. Kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafoni a m'manja, chofunikira kwambiri ndi chakuti mwayi wa ngozi zachitetezo uyenera kukhala wosakwana imodzi mwa milioni, yomwenso ndi muyezo wocheperako wovomerezeka kwa anthu. Kwa mabatire akuluakulu a lithiamu-ion, makamaka pamagalimoto, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutengera kutentha kokakamiza.
Kusankhidwa kwa zida zotetezedwa zama elekitirodi, zinthu za lithiamu manganese okusayidi, malinga ndi kapangidwe ka maselo kuti zitsimikizire kuti, ma ion a lithiamu mu ma elekitirodi abwino alowetsedwa mu dzenje loyipa la carbon, kupewa kubadwa kwa ma dendrites. Pa nthawi yomweyo, dongosolo khola la lithiamu manganese asidi, kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni ntchito yake ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa lithiamu cobalt asidi, kuwonongeka kutentha kwa lifiyamu cobalt asidi kuposa 100 ℃, ngakhale chifukwa kunja yochepa dera (zosowa), kunja kutentha. kufupika, kuchulukirachulukira, kungathenso kupewa kuopsa kwa kuyaka ndi kuphulika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chitsulo cha lithiamu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za lithiamu manganenate kungachepetsenso mtengo.
Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito aukadaulo omwe alipo kuwongolera chitetezo, choyamba tiyenera kusintha magwiridwe antchito a batri a lithiamu ion pachimake, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri pamabatire akuluakulu. Sankhani diaphragm yokhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotseka yotentha. Ntchito ya diaphragm ndikupatula mitengo yabwino komanso yoyipa ya batri ndikulola kuti ma ion a lithiamu adutse. Kutentha kumakwera, nembanemba imatsekedwa isanasungunuke, kukweza kukana kwamkati kwa 2,000 ohms ndikutseka zomwe zimachitika mkati. Kupanikizika kwamkati kapena kutentha kukafika pamlingo wokhazikitsidwa kale, valavu yotsimikizira kuphulika imatsegulidwa ndikuyamba kuchepetsa kupanikizika kuti apewe kuchulukirachulukira kwa mpweya wamkati, kupunduka, ndipo pamapeto pake kumayambitsa kuphulika kwa zipolopolo. Limbikitsani chidwi chowongolera, sankhani magawo owongolera tcheru ndikutengera kuwongolera kophatikizika kwa magawo angapo (omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri pamabatire akulu akulu). Pakuti lalikulu mphamvu lifiyamu ion batire paketi ndi mndandanda / kufanana angapo selo zikuchokera, monga kope kompyuta voteji ndi oposa 10V, mphamvu yaikulu, zambiri ntchito 3 mpaka 4 single batire mndandanda akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunika voteji, ndiyeno 2 mpaka 3 mndandanda wa batire paketi kufanana, pofuna kuonetsetsa mphamvu yaikulu.
Paketi ya batri yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yokha iyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ndipo mitundu iwiri ya ma module a board board iyeneranso kuganiziridwa: ProtecTIonBoardPCB module ndi SmartBatteryGaugeBoard module. Mapangidwe onse achitetezo a batri akuphatikizapo: IC ya chitetezo cha 1 (kupewa kuchulukitsitsa kwa batri, kutulutsa, kutulutsa kwafupipafupi), chitetezo cha 2 IC (kupewa kuwonjezereka kwachiwiri), fusesi, chizindikiro cha LED, kuwongolera kutentha ndi zigawo zina. Pansi pamakina otetezedwa amitundu yambiri, ngakhale pakakhala chojambulira champhamvu ndi laputopu, batire ya laputopu imatha kusinthidwa kukhala chitetezo chokha. Ngati zinthu sizili zovuta, nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito bwino zitatha kulumikizidwa ndikuchotsedwa popanda kuphulika.
Ukadaulo womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laputopu ndi mafoni am'manja ndiwopanda chitetezo, ndipo zotetezedwa ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Pomaliza, ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wazinthu komanso kukuzama kwa kumvetsetsa kwa anthu pazofunikira pakupanga, kupanga, kuyesa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion, tsogolo la mabatire a lithiamu-ion lidzakhala lotetezeka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-07-2022