Kufunika kofulumira kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni kukuyendetsa mwachangu kupita kumayendedwe opangira magetsi ndikukulitsa kutumizidwa kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo pa gridi. Ngati zinthuzi zikuchulukirachulukira monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, kufunika kwa njira zabwino zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi kudzakula.
Tikufuna njira zonse zomwe tingapeze kuti tithane ndi vuto la kusintha kwa nyengo, akutero Dr Elsa Olivetti, pulofesa wothandizira wa sayansi ya zinthu ndi zomangamanga ku Esther ndi Harold E. Edgerton. Mwachiwonekere, kupanga matekinoloje ogwiritsira ntchito gridi yosungiramo zinthu zambiri ndikofunikira. Koma pamapulogalamu am'manja - makamaka zoyendera - kafukufuku wambiri amayang'ana pakusintha masiku anomabatire a lithiamu-ionkukhala otetezeka, ocheperako komanso okhoza kusunga mphamvu zambiri za kukula ndi kulemera kwake.
Mabatire a lithiamu-ion ochiritsira akupitirizabe kusintha, koma zofooka zawo zimakhalabe, makamaka chifukwa cha mapangidwe awo.Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amakhala ndi maelekitirodi awiri, imodzi yabwino ndi imodzi yoyipa, yokhazikika mumadzimadzi (okhala ndi kaboni). Batire ikaperekedwa ndikutuluka, tinthu tating'ono ta lithiamu (kapena ayoni) timadutsa kuchokera ku elekitirodi kupita ku inzake kudzera mu electrolyte yamadzimadzi.
Vuto limodzi pamapangidwe awa ndikuti pamagetsi ena ndi kutentha, ma electrolyte amadzimadzi amatha kusinthasintha ndikuyaka moto. Mabatire nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka akagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, koma chiopsezo chimakhalabe, atero Dr Kevin Huang Ph.D.'15, wasayansi wofufuza mu gulu la Olivetti.
Vuto lina ndilakuti mabatire a lithiamu-ion si oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto. Ma batire akuluakulu, olemera amatenga malo, amawonjezera kulemera kwagalimoto ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamafuta. Koma zikukhala zovuta kupanga mabatire a lithiamu-ion amasiku ano kukhala ochepa komanso opepuka pomwe akusunga mphamvu zawo - kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zosungidwa pa gramu imodzi ya kulemera.
Kuti athetse mavutowa, ochita kafukufuku akusintha zinthu zazikulu za mabatire a lithiamu-ion kuti apange mawonekedwe olimba, kapena olimba-boma. Iwo m'malo electrolyte madzi pakati ndi woonda olimba electrolyte kuti ndi khola pa osiyanasiyana ma voltages ndi kutentha. Ndi electrolyte izi olimba, iwo ntchito mkulu-mphamvu zabwino elekitirodi ndi mkulu-mphamvu lifiyamu zitsulo zoipa elekitirodi kuti anali kutali zochepa wandiweyani kuposa mwachizolowezi porous mpweya wosanjikiza. Zosinthazi zimalola kuti pakhale selo laling'ono kwambiri posungira mphamvu zake zosungira mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri.
Zinthu izi - chitetezo chokwanira komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi- mwina ndi maubwino awiri omwe amapezeka kwambiri pamabatire amtundu wokhazikika, komabe zonsezi ndizoyang'ana kutsogolo komanso zoyembekezeredwa, osati zotheka. Komabe, kuthekera uku kwapangitsa ofufuza ambiri kufunafuna zida ndi mapangidwe omwe angakwaniritse lonjezoli.
Kuganiza kupitirira labotale
Ofufuza apeza zochitika zingapo zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimawoneka zolimbikitsa mu labotale. Koma Olivetti ndi Huang akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa chakufulumira kwa vuto la kusintha kwa nyengo, malingaliro owonjezera atha kukhala ofunika. Ofufuzafe nthawi zonse timakhala ndi ma metrics mu labu kuti tiwunikire zida ndi njira zomwe zingatheke, akutero Olivetti. Zitsanzo zingaphatikizepo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu ndi ndalama zolipiritsa/zotulutsa. Koma ngati cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa, tikupempha kuti tiwonjezere ma metric omwe amayang'anira momwe angakulitsire mwachangu.
Zida ndi kupezeka
Padziko lapansi ma electrolyte olimba, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yazinthu - ma oxide okhala ndi okosijeni ndi sulfide okhala ndi sulfure. Tantalum imapangidwa kuchokera ku migodi ya malata ndi niobium. Mbiri yakale ikuwonetsa kuti kupanga tantalum kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi momwe germanium imatha kupangira migodi ya tini ndi niobium. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa tantalum ndikodetsa nkhawa kwambiri pakuwonjezeka kwa ma cell a LLZO.
Komabe, kudziwa kupezeka kwa chinthu pansi sikuthetsa masitepe ofunikira kuti chifikire m'manja mwa opanga. Chifukwa chake ochita kafukufuku adafufuza funso lotsatira lokhudza kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zofunikira - migodi, kukonza, kuyenga, kunyamula, ndi zina zotero. Poganiza kuti pali zinthu zambiri, kodi njira zoperekera zinthuzi zitha kukulitsidwa mwachangu kuti zikwaniritse zomwe zikukula. kufuna mabatire?
Pakuwunika kwachitsanzo, adayang'ana kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe a germanium ndi tantalum omwe angafune kukula chaka ndi chaka kuti apereke mabatire amtundu wa 2030 wamagalimoto amagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la magalimoto amagetsi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti ndi chandamale cha 2030, angafunikire kupanga mabatire okwanira kuti apereke mphamvu ya 100 gigawatt maola. Kuti mukwaniritse cholinga ichi, pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a LGPS okha, germanium supply chain iyenera kukula ndi 50% chaka chilichonse - kutambasula, popeza kukula kwakukulu kwakhala kuli pafupi 7% m'mbuyomu. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma cell a LLZO okha, njira zoperekera tantalum ziyenera kukula pafupifupi 30% - kukula kwapamwamba kuposa mbiri yakale yozungulira 10%.
Zitsanzo izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira koganizira za kupezeka kwa zinthu komanso mayendedwe operekera powunika kuthekera kwa ma electrolyte olimba osiyanasiyana, akutero Huang: masitepe omwe ali mumayendedwe operekera kuti agwirizane ndi kupanga magalimoto amagetsi amtsogolo angafunike kukula komwe sikunachitikepo.
Zipangizo ndi processing
Chinthu chinanso choyenera kuganizira poyesa kutheka kwa batire ndizovuta za kupanga komanso momwe zingakhudzire mtengo wake. Pali njira zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa popanga batri yolimba, ndipo kulephera kwa sitepe iliyonse kumawonjezera mtengo wa selo iliyonse yopangidwa bwino.
Monga woyimira pazovuta zopanga, Olivetti, Ceder ndi Huang adawona momwe kulephera kukhalira pamtengo wokwanira wamapangidwe osankhidwa a batri olimba m'nkhokwe yawo. Mu chitsanzo chimodzi, iwo anayang'ana pa okusayidi LLZO. LLZO ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso mapepala akuluakulu owonda mokwanira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamabatire olimba amphamvu amatha kusweka kapena kupindika pa kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kupanga.
Kuti adziwe zomwe zingakhudze zolephera zotere, adafanizira njira zinayi zofunika zopangira ma cell a LLZO. Pa sitepe iliyonse, ankaŵerengera mtengo wake potengera zimene ankaganiza kuti zapeza, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa maselo amene anakonzedwa bwinobwino popanda kulephera. Kwa LLZO, zokolola zinali zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi zojambula zina zomwe adaphunzira; Komanso, pamene zokolola zinachepa, mtengo wa kilowatt-ola (kWh) wa mphamvu ya selo unakula kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pamene 5% maselo owonjezera anawonjezedwa ku sitepe yomaliza ya kutentha kwa cathode, mtengo wake unakwera pafupifupi $ 30/kWh - kusintha kosawerengeka poganizira kuti mtengo wovomerezeka wa maselo oterowo ndi $100/kWh. Mwachiwonekere, zovuta zopanga zimatha kukhudza kwambiri kuthekera kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa mapangidwewo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-09-2022