Chilimwe cha 2022 chinali nyengo yotentha kwambiri m'zaka zonse.
Kunatentha kwambiri kotero kuti ziwalo zinali zofooka ndipo mzimu unali kunja kwa thupi; kutentha kwambiri kotero kuti mzinda wonse unada.
Panthaŵi imene magetsi anali ovuta kwambiri kwa anthu okhalamo, Sichuan anaganiza zoimitsa magetsi a m’mafakitale kwa masiku asanu kuyambira pa August 15. Kuzima kwa magetsi kutayambika, makampani ambiri a mafakitale anasiya kupanga ndipo anakakamiza antchito onse kutenga tchuthi.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala, kusowa kwa mabatire kwapitilirabe, ndipo chizolowezi chamakampani osungira mphamvu zoyimitsa kuyitanitsa chikukulirakulira. Kuperewera kwa mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu kwapangitsanso kuti dera losungiramo mphamvu likhale pachimake.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Unduna wa Zamakampani, theka loyamba la chaka chino, kupanga batire yamtundu wamagetsi kupitilira 32GWh. 2021, malo osungiramo magetsi ku China adawonjezera 4.9GWh yokha.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yosungiramo batire yosungiramo mphamvu kwakhala kwakukulu, koma n'chifukwa chiyani pali kuchepa?
Pepalali likupereka kuwunika mozama zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa batire yosungira mphamvu ku China ndi momwe zidzakhalire m'magawo atatu otsatirawa:
Choyamba, kufunikira: kusintha kofunikira kwa gridi
Chachiwiri, kupereka: sangathe kupikisana ndi galimoto
Chachitatu, tsogolo: kusintha kwa madzi otaya batire?
Kuti mumvetse kufunika kosungirako mphamvu, yesani kuyankha funso limodzi.
Chifukwa chiyani kuzima kwamagetsi kwakukulu kumachitika ku China m'miyezi yachilimwe?
Kuchokera kumbali yofunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'mafakitale ndi nyumba zogona kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa "kusalinganika kwanyengo", ndi nthawi ya "nsonga" ndi "mphika". Nthawi zambiri, magetsi amagetsi amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Komabe, kutentha kwakukulu kwa chilimwe kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zogona. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, makampani ambiri akusintha mafakitale awo ndipo nthawi yochuluka yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi imakhalanso m'chilimwe.
Kuchokera kumbali yoperekera, kuperekedwa kwa mphepo ndi mphamvu yamadzi ndi kosakhazikika chifukwa cha nyengo ndi nyengo. Ku Sichuan, mwachitsanzo, 80% yamagetsi a Sichuan amachokera kumagetsi amadzi. Ndipo chaka chino, Chigawo cha Sichuan chinakumana ndi tsoka lachilendo la kutentha ndi chilala, lomwe linakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi kusowa kwakukulu kwa madzi m'mabeseni akuluakulu ndi magetsi otsika kuchokera ku mafakitale opangira magetsi. Kuonjezera apo, nyengo yoopsa ndi zinthu monga kuchepetsa mwadzidzidzi mphamvu ya mphepo kungapangitsenso makina opangira mphepo kuti asagwire ntchito bwino.
Pankhani ya kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magetsi ndi zofunikira, kuti apititse patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito gridi yamagetsi kuti atsimikizire kuti magetsi akupezeka, kusungirako mphamvu kwakhala njira yosapeŵeka kuti ipititse patsogolo kusinthasintha kwa magetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lamagetsi la China likusinthidwa kuchoka ku mphamvu zachikhalidwe kupita ku mphamvu zatsopano, photoelectricity, mphamvu yamphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndizosakhazikika kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, imakhalanso ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kosungirako mphamvu.
Malinga ndi National Energy Administration, mphamvu yaku China yoyika 26.7% ya malo mu 2021, apamwamba kuposa avareji yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Poyankha, mu Ogasiti 2021, National Development and Reform Commission ndi National Energy Administration idapereka chidziwitso cholimbikitsa mabizinesi opangira magetsi ongowonjezwdwanso kuti adzipangire okha kapena kugula zida zapamwamba kuti achulukitse kukula kwa ma gridi.
Kupitilira muyeso kupitilira kulumikizidwa kwa gridi yotsimikizika yamabizinesi a gridi, poyambilira, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kumaperekedwa molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha 15% cha mphamvu (pamwamba pa 4h m'litali), ndipo patsogolo zidzaperekedwa kwa omwe apatsidwa molingana ndi chiwerengero cha pegging. 20% kapena kuposa.
Zitha kuwoneka, pankhani ya kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kuthetsa vuto la "mphepo yosiyidwa, kuwala kosiyidwa" sikungachedwe. Ngati yapita matenthedwe mphamvu mothandizidwa ndi kulimba mtima, tsopano "kawiri carbon" ndondomeko kuthamanga, ayenera kutumizidwa nthawi zonse, koma palibe malo ntchito mphamvu mphepo ndi photoelectricity kusungidwa, ntchito m'malo ena.
Choncho, ndondomeko ya dziko anayamba kulimbikitsa momveka bwino "kugawikana pachimake", m'pamenenso chiwerengero cha Kugawilidwa kwanthaka, mungathenso "gululi patsogolo", nawo malonda msika magetsi, kupeza ndalama lolingana.
Poyankha ndondomeko yapakati, dera lililonse lakhala likuchita khama kwambiri kuti likhale ndi mphamvu zosungiramo magetsi m'malo opangira magetsi malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kusowa kwa mabatire osungira magetsi kumayenderana ndi kuchuluka komwe sikunachitikepo m'magalimoto amagetsi atsopano. Malo opangira magetsi ndi kusungirako magalimoto, onse amafunikira kwambiri mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate, koma samalani ndi kuyitanitsa, malo opangira magetsi otsika mtengo, angagwire bwanji makampani owopsa agalimoto?
Chifukwa chake, malo osungira magetsi analipo kale ena mwamavuto omwe adawonekera.
Kumbali imodzi, mtengo woyamba wa kukhazikitsa mphamvu yosungira mphamvu ndipamwamba. Kukhudzidwa ndi kupezeka ndi kufunikira komanso kuchuluka kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali yamakampani, pambuyo pa 2022, mtengo wa kuphatikiza kosungirako mphamvu zonse, wakwera kuchokera pa 1,500 yuan / kWh koyambirira kwa 2020, mpaka 1,800 yuan / kWh.
Kukwera kwamitengo yamakampani osungira mphamvu, mtengo wapakati nthawi zambiri umaposa 1 yuan / watt ola, ma inverters nthawi zambiri amakwera 5% mpaka 10%, EMS idakweranso pafupifupi 10%.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti mtengo woyika koyamba wakhala chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimalepheretsa kumanga kusungirako mphamvu.
Kumbali inayi, kubweza ndalama kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo kupindula kumakhala kovuta. Kuti 2021 1800 yuan / kWh mphamvu yosungirako dongosolo mtengo mawerengedwe, mphamvu yosungirako magetsi awiri mlandu awiri kuika, kulipira ndi kutulutsa pafupifupi mtengo kusiyana 0,7 yuan / kWh kapena kuposa, osachepera zaka 10 kuti achire ndalama.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha chilimbikitso chamakono chachigawo kapena mphamvu zatsopano zovomerezeka ndi njira yosungiramo mphamvu, chiwerengero cha 5% mpaka 20%, chomwe chimawonjezera ndalama zokhazikika.
Kuphatikiza pazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambazi, malo osungiramo magetsi ali ngati magalimoto atsopano amphamvu adzawotcha, kuphulika, ngozi yachitetezo, ngakhale kuti mwayi ndi wotsika kwambiri, ulole kuti chiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri cha malo opangira magetsi chilephereke.
Tinganene kuti "kugawikana amphamvu" yosungirako mphamvu, koma osati gululi wolumikizidwa wotuluka ndondomeko, kotero kuti zambiri kufunika kwa dongosolo, koma osati mopupuluma ntchito. Kupatula apo, malo ambiri opangira magetsi ndi mabungwe aboma, kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndichofunikira kwambiri, amakumananso ndi kafukufuku wa zachuma, ndani angafune kuthamangira nthawi yobwezeretsa ntchito yayitali chotere?
Malinga ndi zizolowezi zopangira zisankho, maoda ambiri osungira magetsi pamalopo ayenera kuyikidwa, kupachikidwa, kuyembekezera kumveka bwino kwa mfundo. Msika umafunika pakamwa waukulu kuti adye nkhanu, koma khalani olimba mtima, pambuyo pake, osati ambiri.
Tingaone kuti vuto la mphamvu siteshoni mphamvu yosungirako kukumba mozama, kuwonjezera pa gawo laling'ono la kumtunda lifiyamu kuwonjezeka mtengo, pali mbali yaikulu ya njira zothetsera chikhalidwe si mokwanira ntchito pa siteshoni mphamvu zochitika, mmene tiyenera kuthetsa vutolo?
Panthawi imeneyi, yankho la batri lamadzimadzi linabwera powonekera. Ena omwe atenga nawo gawo pamsika awona kuti "chiwerengero chosungira mphamvu cha lithiamu chikucheperachepera kuyambira Epulo 2021, ndipo kukwera kwa msika kukusintha kukhala mabatire amadzimadzi". Ndiye, batire yamadzimadzi iyi ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, mabatire othamanga amadzimadzi ali ndi zabwino zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito pazomera zamagetsi. Mabatire oyenda amadzimadzi wamba, kuphatikiza mabatire a-vanadium fluid flow, zinc-iron liquid flow batteries, etc.
Kutenga mabatire onse a vanadium fluid flow mwachitsanzo, zabwino zawo zikuphatikiza.
Choyamba, moyo wautali wautali komanso mawonekedwe abwino operekera ndi kutulutsa amawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kusungirako mphamvu zazikulu. Kuwongolera / kutulutsa moyo wa batire yosungiramo mphamvu yamadzimadzi ya vanadium imatha kukhala nthawi zopitilira 13,000, ndipo moyo wa kalendala ndi wopitilira zaka 15.
Chachiwiri, mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya batri ndi "zodziimira" za wina ndi mzake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusintha kukula kwa mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu. Mphamvu ya batri yonse yamadzimadzi ya vanadium imatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula ndi chiwerengero cha stack, ndipo mphamvu imatsimikiziridwa ndi ndende ndi kuchuluka kwa electrolyte. Kukula kwa mphamvu ya batri kungathe kutheka powonjezera mphamvu ya riyakitala ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma reactors, pomwe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumatha kutheka powonjezera kuchuluka kwa electrolyte.
Pomaliza, zopangira zitha kubwezeretsedwanso. Yankho lake la electrolyte likhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Komabe, kwa nthawi yayitali, mtengo wa mabatire othamanga amadzimadzi wakhalabe wokwera, kulepheretsa ntchito zazikulu zamalonda.
Kutengera chitsanzo cha vanadium fluid flow batteries, mtengo wawo umachokera ku riyakitala yamagetsi ndi electrolyte.
Mtengo wa electrolyte umakhala pafupifupi theka la mtengo, womwe umakhudzidwa makamaka ndi mtengo wa vanadium; zina ndi mtengo wa mulu, amene makamaka amachokera ion kuwombola nembanemba, mpweya anamva maelekitirodi ndi zipangizo zina zofunika chigawo.
Kupezeka kwa vanadium mu electrolyte ndi nkhani yotsutsana. Malo osungira vanadium ku China ndiachitatu padziko lonse lapansi, koma chinthuchi chimapezeka kwambiri ndi zinthu zina, ndipo kusungunula ndi ntchito yowononga kwambiri, yopatsa mphamvu mphamvu yokhala ndi malamulo oletsa. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani azitsulo ndi omwe amafunikira kwambiri vanadium, ndipo opanga zitsulo, Phangang Vanadium ndi Titanium, amapereka kaye kupanga zitsulo.
Mwanjira iyi, mabatire amadzimadzi a vanadium, zikuwoneka, akubwerezanso vuto la njira zosungiramo mphamvu za lithiamu - kutengera mphamvu yakumtunda ndi mafakitale ochulukirapo, motero mtengo wake umasinthasintha kwambiri mozungulira. Mwa njira imeneyi, pali chifukwa kuyang'ana zinthu zambiri kupereka khola madzi otaya batire njira.
The ion kuwombola nembanemba ndi mpweya anamva elekitirodi mu riyakitala ndi ofanana ndi "khosi" Chip.
Ponena za nembanemba ya ion, mabizinesi apakhomo amagwiritsa ntchito filimu yosinthira ya Nafion proton yopangidwa ndi DuPont, kampani yazaka zana ku United States, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ndipo, ngakhale ili ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu mu electrolyte, pali zolakwika monga kutsekemera kwakukulu kwa ma ion vanadium, osati kosavuta kunyozeka.
The carbon anamva elekitirodi zakuthupi ndi ochepa opanga yachilendo. Zida zabwino zama elekitirodi zitha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso mphamvu zotulutsa zamabatire amadzimadzi. Komabe, pakadali pano, msika wamtundu wa kaboni umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi opanga akunja monga SGL Gulu ndi Toray Industries.
Zokwanira pansi, kuwerengera, mtengo wa vanadium madzi otaya batire, kuposa lithiamu ndi wokwera kwambiri.
Kusungirako mphamvu batire yatsopano yotsika mtengo yamadzimadzi, pali njira yayitali yopitira.
Kunena mawu chikwi, posungira mphamvu siteshoni kukhala, zovuta kwambiri, koma osati zimene luso, koma bwino posungira mphamvu siteshoni kutenga nawo mbali mu thupi lalikulu la wotuluka mphamvu msika.
Mphamvu ya gridi ya China ndi yayikulu kwambiri, yovuta, kotero kuti malo opangira magetsi okhala ndi magetsi odziyimira pawokha pa intaneti, si nkhani yachidule, koma nkhaniyi siyingayike.
Kwa malo akuluakulu amagetsi, ngati kugawidwa kwa mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu kumangochita ntchito zina zothandizira, ndipo alibe chikhalidwe cha malonda a msika, ndiko kuti, sangakhale magetsi owonjezera, pamtengo woyenera wamsika kugulitsa kwa ena, ndiye akauntiyi nthawi zonse imakhala yovuta kuwerengera.
Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tipeze malo opangira magetsi okhala ndi mphamvu zosungiramo mphamvu kuti asinthe kukhala odziyimira pawokha, kuti akhale otenga nawo mbali pamsika wamalonda amagetsi.
Pamene msika wapita patsogolo, ndalama zambiri ndi zovuta zamakono zomwe zimakumana ndi kusungirako mphamvu, ndikukhulupirira kuti zidzathetsedwanso.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-07-2022