Kutengera kutentha kwa msika wamagalimoto amagetsi,mabatire a lithiamu-ion, monga chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za magalimoto amagetsi, zagogomezedwa kwambiri. Anthu akudzipereka kukhala ndi moyo wautali, mphamvu zambiri, chitetezo chabwino cha lithiamu-ion batri. Pakati pawo, kuchepa kwabatri ya lithiamu-ionmphamvu ndi woyenera kwambiri chidwi cha aliyense, kokha kumvetsa zonse zifukwa attenuation wa mabatire lifiyamu-ion kapena limagwirira, kuti athe kupereka mankhwala oyenera kuthetsa vutoli, kuti lithiamu-ion mabatire mphamvu chifukwa kuchepetsa?
Zifukwa zakuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion
1.Positive electrode chuma
LiCoO2 ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi cathode (gulu la 3C limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo mabatire amphamvu amakhala ndi ternary ndi lithiamu iron phosphate). Pamene kuchuluka kwa ma cycle kumawonjezeka, kutayika kwa ma lithiamu ion kumathandizira kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu. Pambuyo pa 200 cycles, LiCoO2 sinasinthe gawo, koma kusintha kwa lamellar, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta mu Li + de-embedding.
LiFePO4 ali wabwino structural bata, koma Fe3+ mu anode dissolves ndi kumachepetsa kuti Fe zitsulo pa graphite anode, chifukwa cha kuchuluka anode polarization. Nthawi zambiri kusungunuka kwa Fe3 + kumatetezedwa ndi kupaka kwa tinthu ta LiFePO4 kapena kusankha kwa electrolyte.
NCM ternary materials ① Transition zitsulo ma ion mu kusintha zitsulo okusayidi cathode zinthu zosavuta kusungunuka pa kutentha kwambiri, motero kumasula mu electrolyte kapena kuyika kumbali yolakwika kuchititsa attenuation mphamvu; ② Pamene magetsi ali apamwamba kuposa 4.4V vs. Li +/Li, kusintha kwapangidwe kwa ternary kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu; ③ Mizere yosakanikirana ya Li-Ni, yomwe imatsogolera kutsekeka kwa mayendedwe a Li+.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu m'mabatire a lithiamu-ion a LiMnO4 ndi 1. gawo losasinthika kapena kusintha kwapangidwe, monga Jahn-Teller aberration; ndi 2. Kusungunuka kwa Mn mu electrolyte (kukhalapo kwa HF mu electrolyte), machitidwe osagwirizana, kapena kuchepetsa pa anode.
2.Zinthu zopanda ma elekitirodi
Mbadwo wa mpweya wa lithiamu kumbali ya anode ya graphite (gawo la lithiamu limakhala "lithiyamu yakufa" kapena imapanga lithiamu dendrites), pa kutentha kochepa, kufalikira kwa lithiamu ion kumachepetsa mosavuta kumapangitsa kuti lithiamu ikhale mpweya, ndipo mpweya wa lithiamu umapezekanso. pamene chiŵerengero cha N/P chili chochepa kwambiri.
Kuwonongeka kobwerezabwereza ndi kukula kwa filimu ya SEI kumbali ya anode kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa lithiamu ndikuwonjezeka kwa polarization.
Kubwereza mobwerezabwereza kwa lithiamu embedding / de-lithium kuchotsa mu silicon-based anode kungayambitse mosavuta kuwonjezereka kwa voliyumu ndi kuwonongeka kwa tinthu ta silicon. Chifukwa chake, kwa silicon anode, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza njira yolepheretsa kukula kwake.
3.Electrolyte
Zomwe zili mu electrolyte zomwe zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mphamvumabatire a lithiamu-ionzikuphatikizapo:
1. Kuwonongeka kwa zosungunulira ndi ma electrolyte (kulephera kwakukulu kapena mavuto a chitetezo monga kupanga gasi), kwa zosungunulira za organic, pamene mphamvu ya okosijeni ndi yaikulu kuposa 5V vs. zosiyana), zosavuta kuwola. Pakuti electrolyte (mwachitsanzo LiPF6), n'zosavuta kuwola pa kutentha apamwamba (kupitirira 55 ℃) chifukwa osauka bata;.
2. Pamene chiwerengero cha ma cycle chikuwonjezeka, zomwe zimachitika pakati pa electrolyte ndi ma electrode abwino ndi oipa zimawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yotumizira iwonongeke.
4.Diphragm
The diaphragm akhoza kutsekereza ma elekitironi ndi kukwaniritsa kufala kwa ayoni. Komabe, kuthekera kwa diaphragm kunyamula Li + kumachepetsedwa pamene mabowo a diaphragm atsekedwa ndi zinthu zowonongeka za electrolyte, ndi zina zotero, kapena pamene diaphragm imachepa pa kutentha kwakukulu, kapena pamene diaphragm imakalamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a lithiamu dendrites kuboola diaphragm kumabweretsa kufupi kwapakati ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakulephera kwake.
5. Kusonkhanitsa madzimadzi
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha osonkhanitsa nthawi zambiri ndi dzimbiri la osonkhanitsa. Mkuwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wokhometsa woipa chifukwa ndi wosavuta kutulutsa oxidize pamtunda wapamwamba, pamene aluminiyumu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati osonkhanitsa zabwino chifukwa n'zosavuta kupanga lithiamu-aluminium alloy ndi lithiamu pa mphamvu zochepa. Pansi voteji otsika (otsika ngati 1.5V ndi pansi, mopitirira-kutayira), mkuwa oxidizes kuti Cu2+ mu electrolyte ndi madipoziti pamwamba pa elekitirodi negative, kulepheretsa de-embedding wa lithiamu, kuchititsa kuwonongeka mphamvu. Ndipo ku mbali yabwino, overcharging wabatirezimayambitsa kuponyera kwa chotolera cha aluminiyamu, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kukana kwamkati ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu.
6. Malipiro ndi kutulutsa zinthu
Kuchulukirachulukira komanso kutulutsa zochulukira kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Kuwonjezeka kwa chowonjezera / kutulutsa kuchulukitsa kumatanthauza kuti kusokoneza kwa batire kumawonjezeka moyenerera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kupsinjika komwe kumayambitsa kufalikira komwe kumapangidwa ndi kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa pamitengo yochulutsa kwambiri kumabweretsa kutayika kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito za cathode komanso kukalamba mwachangu kwa batri.
Pankhani ya mabatire akuchulukirachulukira komanso kutulutsa mochulukitsitsa, ma elekitirodi olakwika amatha kukhala ndi mpweya wa lithiamu, ma elekitirodi abwino kwambiri ochotsa lithiamu amagwa, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni kwa electrolyte (kuchitika kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi gasi) kumafulumizitsa. Battery ikatulutsidwa mopitirira muyeso, zojambulazo zamkuwa zimatha kusungunuka (kulepheretsa lithiamu de-embedding, kapena kupanga mwachindunji dendrites zamkuwa), zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu kapena kulephera kwa batri.
Kafukufuku wa njira zolipirira awonetsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yodulira ikakhala 4V, kutsitsa moyenerera magetsi odulira (mwachitsanzo, 3.95V) kumatha kusintha moyo wa batire. Zawonetsedwanso kuti kulipiritsa batire mwachangu mpaka 100% SOC imawola mwachangu kuposa kuyitanitsa mwachangu mpaka 80% SOC. Kuphatikiza apo, Li et al. adapeza kuti ngakhale kugunda kumatha kuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino, kukana kwamkati kwa batire kudzakwera kwambiri, ndipo kutayika kwa zinthu zoyipa zama elekitirodi ndizowopsa.
7.Kutentha
Zotsatira za kutentha pa mphamvu yamabatire a lithiamu-ionndi yofunika kwambiri. Pamene mukugwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi yaitali, pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwa machitidwe a mbali mkati mwa batire (mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi isasinthe. Mukamagwira ntchito yotsika kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali, kutsekeka kwathunthu kwa batire kumawonjezeka (electrolyte conductivity imachepa, SEI impedance imawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma electrochemical reaction kumachepa), ndipo mpweya wa lithiamu kuchokera ku batri umakonda kuchitika.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu ya batri ya lithiamu-ion, kupyolera muzomwe zili pamwambazi ndikukhulupirira kuti mukumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa batri ya lithiamu-ion.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-24-2023